"Religion is the recognition of all our duties as divine commands."
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"Religion is the recognition of all our duties as divine commands."
"After death the soul possesses self-consciousness, otherwise, it would be the subject of spiritual death, which has already been disproved. With this self-consciousness necessarily remains personality and the consciousness of personal identity."
"Two things strike me dumb: the infinite starry heavens, and the sense of right and wrong in man."
"[A ruler is merely] the trustee of the rights of other men and he must always stand in dread of having in some way violated these rights."
"Enthusiasm is always connected with the senses, whatever be the object that excites it. The true strength of virtue is serenity of mind, combined with a deliberate and steadfast determination to execute her laws. That is the healthful condition of the moral life; on the other hand, enthusiasm, even when excited by representations of goodness, is a brilliant but feverish glow which leaves only exhaustion and languor behind."
"With men, the state of nature is not a state of peace, but war."
"The only thing that is good without qualification is a good will."
"Animals... are there merely as a means to an end. That end is man."
"Apart from moral conduct, all that man thinks himself able to do in order to become acceptable to God is mere superstition and religious folly."
"Human freedom is realised in the adoption of humanity as an end in itself, for the one thing that no-one can be compelled to do by another is to adopt a particular end. - 'Metaphysical Principles of Virtue"
"Notion without intuition is empty, intuition without notion is blind."
"The desire which a man has for a woman is not directed towards her because she is a human being, but because she is a woman ; that she is a human being is of no concern to the man; only her sex is the object of his desires."
"We ourselves introduce that order and regularity in the appearance which we entitle "nature". We could never find them in appearances had we not ourselves, by the nature of our own mind, originally set them there."
"Enlightenment is the liberation of man from his self-caused state of minority... Supere aude! Dare to use your own understanding!is thus the motto of the Enlightenment."
"Reason must approach nature in order to be taught by it. It must not, however, do so in the character of a pupil who listens to everything that the teacher chooses to say, but of an appointed judge who compels the witness to answer questions which he has himself formulated."
"I assert that, in any particular natural science, one encounters genuine scientific substance only to the extent that mathematics is present."
"I am myself by inclination an investigator."
"How then is perfection to be sought? Wherein lies our hope? In education, and in nothing else."
"In man (as the only rational creature on earth) those natural capacities which are directed to the use of his reason are to be fully developed only in the race, not in the individual."
"All our knowledge begins with the senses..."